About the Co-Authors
James E. Goodby
Co-Author
During much of the time covered by this book Jim Goodby was a Foreign Service Officer serving in Brussels as the Political Adviser to the American Ambassador to NATO, Donald Rumsfeld. As such, he was the US Representative in the Senior Political Committee, the NATO committee charged with consulting about and recommending positions on issues of interest to the member states of the North Atlantic Alliance. In the aftermath of the Warsaw Pact’s invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, the old Soviet proposal for an all-European conference on security in Europe, revived by Brezhnev, was such an issue.
Prior to that assignment he had held positions at the US Mission to the European Communities, now the European Union, in the Bureau of European Affairs, the State Department’s Policy Planning Council, and the US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, so he was well prepared for the job. In the Arms Control Agency he had worked on the nuclear test ban negotiations. In the Policy Planning assignment he was seconded to the Net Evaluation Subcommittee of the National Security Council to investigate ideas about limited nuclear war. He had worked on interoperability of Allied weapons systems and nuclear deployments in Europe.
After his NATO tour, he returned to the Department of State to assignments dealing with European security in the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs and Bureau of European Affairs.
His appointment as Ambassador to Finland was his next overseas assignment and in many ways the highlight of his Foreign Service career. Following that, he served as Deputy Chief of the US Delegation to START. These were negotiations with the Soviet Union on reductions in strategic nuclear arms. Next came an assignment as head of the US delegation to negotiations on confidence-building measures in Europe, held in Stockholm. That led to an agreement on on-site inspections for the first time on Soviet soil.
Goodby retired from the Foreign Service after that negotiation but was called back for three more negotiations. One was with the UK and the USSR and concerned biological weapons. It was aimed at restoring confidence in the viability of the Convention on Elimination of Biological Weapons where Yeltsin had admitted that Moscow had violated its terms. A second was with Russia on dismantlement of nuclear weapons systems and verification measures to accomplish that in an irreversible way. The third was a related negotiation with Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine to secure the removal of Soviet nuclear weapons from their territories and the elimination of such weapons so they could join the START agreement and the Nonproliferation Treaty as non-nuclear weapons states. Collectively, these negotiations were carried out under legislation introduced by Senators Nunn and Lugar.
Currently, he is Annenberg Distinguished Visiting Fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution. His research and writing focus on nuclear arms control and Euro Atlantic Security. He worked closely at Hoover with former Secretary of State George Shultz from 2007 until the latter’s death in 2021. He is particularly proud that his career achievements also led to his being awarded the first Heinz Award in Public Policy and the Commander’s Cross of Germany’s Order of Merit.
Leo Reddy
Co-Author
Leo entered the career Foreign Service following tours of duty as an ASW and Gunnery Officer on destroyers in the Sixth and Seventh Fleets and an M.A. degree in international affairs at Georgetown University. His military background was a factor in his becoming a specialist in NATO and arms control in his Foreign Service career.
He was serving in Office of Regional Political Affairs (aka the NATO Desk) in the Department of European Affairs when President Nixon hosted the 20th NATO Anniversary Summit in April 1969, shortly after which Leo chaired the interagency committee on a long list of issues for negotiation with the East that provided the substantive framework for the subsequent Helsinki Accords negotiated by the CSCE. When the CSCE Multilateral Preparatory Talks ended in Dipoli, Finland, in the Spring of 1973, Leo Reddy continued his work as a leading Foreign Service specialist on NATO and arms control.
He became the staff lead on Mutual Balanced and Force Reduction (MBFR) at the U.S. Mission to NATO and later served for five years as Senior Advisor in the U.S. Delegation to MBFR in Vienna. In 1985-87, he served as Senior State Department Rep to the negotiations in Geneva on the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty signed by Presidents Reagan and Gorbachev in 1987. In 1988, he headed up the State Department’s INF Treaty Ratification Task Force. He then served as a Senior Research Fellow under the Diplomat-in-residence program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).
He headed an influential CSIS project on Defense Reductions and Economic Adjustment, leading to an industry offer to leave the State Department in 1990 to serve as CEO of an industrial policy think tank, the National Coalition for Advanced Manufacturing, focusing on strengthening America’s industrial base. He subsequently founded two other related industry-led non-profits: the Manufacturing Skill Standards Council and the Coalition for Career Development Center, where he remains today.
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